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Neuromuscular Junction
Neuro Notes

Neuromuscular Junction

Muscle biopsy was performed on this 40-year-old patient who presented with proximal lower extremity muscle weakness and normal CPK.  …

Toluidine blue showing NOTCH3
Neuro Notes

CADASIL and the NOTCH3 Gene

The patient is a 45-year-old patient with a history of migraines and several transient ischemic attacks. Their family history was…

nerve fibers in skin biopsy
Neuro Notes

Nerve Fibers In Skin Biopsy

This 30-year old patient presented with tingling and burning sensation to their feet and ankles. Electrodiagnostic studies (NCS) showed no…


Peripheral Nerve Axon with Microtubules
Neuro Notes

Peripheral Nerve Axon

This 60-year-old patient presented with complaints of a one-year history if intermittent pain and discomfort (burning and shooting) involving bilateral…

two small arteriole profiles within the perimysium which contain intravascular material
Neuro Notes

Intravascular Foreign Body Material

The patient is a 40-year-old who presented with proximal upper and lower extremity muscle weakness, and was found to have…

focal relatively circumscribed collection of mononuclear histiocytes with admixed chronic lymphoid inflammation
Neuro Notes

Granulomatous Myopathy and Neuropathy

This 40-year-old patient presented with a three year history of slowly progressive generalized muscle weakness. More recently their hands and…


Neuro Notes

Mitochondrial Abnormalities

The patient is a 50-year-old female who presents with a 5-year history of decreased ability to move her eyes and…

Tomacula in nerve tissue
Neuro Notes

Tomacula

This 50-year-old patient presented with multiple mononeuroathies (mononeuritis multiplex). Laboratory testing showed negative MPO and PR3 autoantibodies. Nerve biopsy was…

h&E stain showing Toxoplasmosis
Neuro Notes

Toxoplasmosis

This 50-year old immunocompromised patient died after presenting with rapid cognitive decline and signs of brainstem dysfunction (cranial nerve deficits).…


Toxic Myopathy Due to Ingestion of Palytoxin, Low magnification image showing frequent scattered pale staining muscle fibers which have lost their nuclear staining for hematoxylin
Neuro Notes

Myalgias After Eating Fish

This 35-year-old previously healthy patient developed generalized myalgias, muscle weakness, and dark colored urine the day after eating cooked fish…

Neuro Notes

Intranuclear Cytoplasmic Pseudoinclusion

This 55 year-old patient presented with generalized muscle weakness and normal CPK.   Which of the following does the electron…

ADENOCARCINOMA, FETAL LUNG, METASTASIS, SUBNUCLEAR
Neuro Notes

Unusual Metastatic Carcinoma

This 70-year-old male patient was found to have a single 3.5 cm ring-enhancing left frontal lobe lesion with surrounding edema…


Succinic acid dehydrogenase (SDH) enzyme
Neuro Notes

Succinic Acid Dehydrogenase

This 60 year-old patient presented with distal asymmetric muscle weakness and normal CPK.   Which of the following abnormalities is…

Thioflavin T stain showing fibrillary inclusions
Neuro Notes

Thioflavin T sIBM

This 55-year old patient presented with a two-year history of proximal lower extremity weakness, difficulty grasping objects and atrophy of…

Freezing Artifact
Neuro Notes

Suboptimal Snap Freezing

This 50-year-old patient presented with a two year history of bilateral upper extremity muscle weakness. They also complained of muscle…