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The biopsy from this adult kidney transplant recipient shows features of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, including prominent enlargement (“cytomegalo-”) of tubular epithelial cells and their nuclei, along with small basophilic inclusions which expand the cell cytoplasm. An immunostain for CMV was also positive for viral antigen. In the kidneys, CMV shows tropism for tubular epithelial and glomerular endothelial cells. The gold standard for the diagnosis of tissue-invasive CMV disease remains the histopathologic identification of the characteristic cytoplasmic and/or nuclear viral inclusions or positive immunohistochemical detection of CMV viral antigens in tissue. Active CMV disease may be donor-derived (iatrogenic) or it may...