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Archive: April 2019

Membranous Nephropathy After Transplantation

Article
Membranous Nephropathy, renal diseases, kidney biopsy, arkana laboratories
The biopsy shows a recurrent membranous nephropathy within a transplant. Figure 1 shows "spikes" and "holes." Figure 2 shows mild interstitial fibrosis. Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6 shows IgG, kappa, lambda, and PLA2r, respectively. Figure 7 shows subepithelial and intramembranous deposits. Membranous nephropathy can arise in the graft from recurrence of the original disease, a de novo disease, and rarely as a donor-derived disease. Recurrence of the original disease can be seen as early as one week post transplant. Most cases of recurrent membranous nephropathy occur within the first few months following transplantation, whereas de novo membranous nephropathy usually...
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Art of Medicine: Lysozyme Nephropathy

Article
Lysozyme Nephropathy, art of medicine
The painting above shows acute tubular injury with numerous intracytoplasmic inclusions within proximal tubular epithelium, which can be seen in lysozyme-associated nephropathy.  Lysozyme-induced nephropathy is a rare cause of acute tubular injury seen in patients with hematologic malignancies, most commonly with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and acute monocytic leukemia (Santoriello et al, 2017).   Malignancy associated overproduction of lysozyme can lead to acute kidney injury and proteinuria.  Lysozyme is freely filtered by the glomerulus and reabsorbed by the proximal tubular epithelium.  While this happens at a low level physiologically, over-reabsorption of lysozyme induces toxic acute tubular injury. Lysozyme-induced nephropathy is one...
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Crescentic IgA nephropathy

Article
IgA, Crescentic IgA Nephropathy, chronic kidney disease, Arkana Laboratories
The patient is a 17-year-old white female who presents with 2.85 grams/24 hr proteinuria, microscopic hematuria, and a creatinine of 3.2 mg/dl. She was in her normal state of health and was incidentally found to have abnormal lab values and urinalysis at a routine sport's physical. She reports that she had noticed a little more fatigue the last few months, but had blamed this on being busy at her job after school. Figure 1 shows focal fibrinoid necrosis. Figure 2 shows moderate tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Figures 3 & 4 show a segmental cellular crescent. Figure 5 shows several...
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Diagnose This (April 22, 2019)

Article
diffuse foot process effacement, Minimal change disease, Nephrotic syndrome, Podocytopathy, Arkana Laboratories
What is this finding and what diagnoses does it imply?       ​ ​   ​   ​ ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​ ​   ​ ​   ​ ​   ​ ​    ...
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Twitter Poll (April 17, 2019)

Article
Collapsing Glomerulopathy, APOL1, arkana laboratories, kidney disease, renal pathology
ANSWER: D Collapsing glomerulopathy has been associated with certain infectious disease including HIV, Hepatitis C, HTLV-1, parvovirus B19, cytomegalovirus, tuberculosis, Campylobacter enteritis, and Loa loa filariasis. References: Cossey LN, Larsen CP, Liapis H. Collapsing glomerulopathy: a 30-year perspective and single, large center experience. Clin Kidney J 2017; 10(4):443-449 Cohen AH, Nast CC. HIV-associated nephropathy. A unique combined glomerular, tubular, and interstitial lesion. Mod Pathol 1988; 1: 87–97 D’Agati V, Suh JI, Carbone L, et al. Pathology of HIV-associated nephropathy: a detailed morphologic and comparative study. Kidney Int 1989; 35: 1358–1370 Pakasa NM, Nseka NM, Nyimi LM. Secondary collapsing glomerulopathy associated...
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Scleroderma

Article
Acute kidney injury, anti-centromere antibodies, ischemia, schistoctes, scleroderma renal crisis, thrombotic microangiopathy, scleroderma
The patient is a 32-year-old African American female who presents with hypertensive urgency, positive ANA, positive anti-RNA polymerase III antibody, schistocytes on the peripheral smear, forgetfulness, and a creatinine of 2. On physical examination, the skin is tight and thickened along the face ("masked face"), back, and proximal arms. Urinalysis shows 250 mg of proteinuria and no active urine sediment. Serologies for c-ANCA, p-ANCA, dsDNA, and anti-GBM are negative. The patient has scleroderma renal crisis. Figure 1 shows an ischemic glomerulus. Figure 2 shows moderate interstitial fibrosis. From low power, the intimal edema and intimal proliferation within the arteries is...
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Here Comes the Bride

Article
Arkana Bride, Transcription, Arkana Laboratories, Arkana Visualized
Our transcription team knows how to party, Vol. IV. Ashley, the future bride, is getting married this weekend and her team threw the cutest bridal shower. Best wishes to the excited couple!
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Art of Medicine: Fanconi Syndrome

Article
Fanconi Syndrome
This painting shows the transition between a proximal tubule and the thick descending limb of the loop of Henle.  The proximal tubule has numerous functions, including transport of sodium chloride, bicarbonate, glucose, amino acids, organic cations, organic anions, and phosphate.  Disruption of proximal tubule function manifests clinically as Fanconi syndrome.   Development of polyuria, osteomalacia, muscle weakness, and growth failure can result if it is unrecognized and untreated. Fanconi syndrome can be diagnosed by clinical chemistry tests, including urine sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate, glucose, amino acids, and uric acid levels, as well as urine pH.   In Fanconi syndrome, there is glycosuria...
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Diagnose This (April 8, 2019)

Article
thrombotic microangiopathy, fibrin, arkana laboratories, renal pathology, nephropathology
What is your diagnosis?     ​ ​   ​   ​ ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​   ​ ​   ​ ​   ​ ​   ​ ​     ​   ​   ​ ​  ...
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Disease Week: Renal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Article
Inflammatory Bowel Disease, IBD, renal disease, chronic kidney disease, renal biopsy, Arkana Laboratories
Monday Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease are common and involve nearly every organ system. Renal and urinary involvement has been reported to occur in 4% to 23% of inflammatory bowel disease patients manifested primarily as urinary calculi, fistulas, and ureteral obstruction. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4725142/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=pardi+AND+renal+and+urologic+complications Parenchymal renal disease is rare but has been well documented in the form of case reports and small series describing glomerulonephritis, minimal change disease, secondary amyloidosis, and tubulointerstitial nephritis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12722045 https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(02)00276-7/fulltext Renal biopsy is not frequently performed on patients with IBD, though it should be considered in patients presenting with renal insufficiency, proteinuria, or hematuria, particularly...
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