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denervated neuromuscular junctions, lower magnification image or normal neuromuscular junction
Neuro Notes

Denervated Neuromuscular Junctions

Clinical History:Muscle biopsy from this 40-year-old patient showed morphologic and enzyme histochemical features of denervation.What abnormality is seen in the…

gallyas stain alzheimer's
Neuro Notes

Gallyas Stain: Plaques, Tangles, and Threads in Alzheimer’s Disease

Clinical History:Neuropathologic examination (brain autopsy) on this 65-year-old patient with a history of slowly progressive dementia demonstrated gross and microscopic…

alkaline phosphatase image
Neuro Notes

Myopathic changes on Alkaline phosphatase

Clinical History:This 40-year-old patient presented with complaints of muscle weakness and myalgias of approximately 3-months duration. Laboratory studies showed elevated…


Gomori trichrome stained image of frozen section showing ring fibers
Neuro Notes

Ring Fibers

Which genetic test is required to establish the diagnosis in this 59-year-old with distal muscle weakness, mild myotonia, and persistently…

Congo Red of frozen muscle with Texas Red filter showing vacuolar myopathy
Neuro Notes

Vacuolar myopathy in 92-year-old male

Clinical History:The patient is a 92-year-old-male and presented progressive muscle weakness that began in the left upper extremity and spread…

Neuro Notes

76-year-old with numbness

Clinical History:The patient has numerous complaints including weakness, myalgia, arthralgia, back pain radiating down bilateral legs, cramps and twitching, imbalance,…


von kossa 2 perineurial micromineralization
Neuro Notes

Perineurial microcalcification

Clinical History:This 55-year-old patient presented with symmetrical numbness, tingling and burning sensation involving the bottom of their feet which slowly…

Neuro Notes

Hybrid myofibers

Clinical History: This previously healthy 35-year-old patient presented with proximal upper and lower extremity weakness and myalgias. Laboratory studies showed…

Neuro Notes

End-stage nerve

Clinical History:This 45-year-old patient underwent sural nerve biopsy to evaluate for potential etiologies of their progressive sensorimotor predominantly axonal polyneuropathy.…


Neuro Notes

Freezing artifact formalin-fixed tissue

Clinical History: This 50-year-old patient presented with generalized muscle weakness and elevated CPK levels. Muscle biopsy was performed to evaluate…

Neuro Notes

Lower extremity pain and swelling

Clinical History:The patient is a 47-year-old man who presents with lower extremity swelling and pain x 5 days.Past medical history:…

Neuro Notes

76-year-old with weakness

Clinical History:The patient has numerous complaints including weakness, myalgia, arthralgia, back pain radiating down bilateral legs, cramps and twitching, imbalance,…


Neuro Notes

36-year-old man with longstanding weakness

Clinical History: Chief complaint: Weakness first presenting in teens. Family history: Brother with myopathy. Medication: Denies statins. Physical exam: Moderate…

Neuro Notes

71-year-old man with proximal weakness

Clinical History: Past medical history: advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma status post radiation and chemo/immunotherapy with immune mediated hepatitis, and moderate alcohol…

Neuro Notes

Neuromuscular junction in 60-year-old patient

Clinical History:Muscle biopsy was performed on this 60-year-old patient to evaluate for subjective complaints of muscle weakness. Several small intramuscular…